Loan
Part of speech: noun
Definition: A sum of money or other valuables or consideration which an individual, group or other legal entity borrows from another individual, group or legal entity (the latter often being a financial institution) with the condition that it be returned or repaid at a later date (sometimes with interest). The contract and array of legal and/or ethical obligations surrounding a loan. The permission to borrow any item.
Part of speech: verb
Definition: To lend. This usage is confined to the US (or perhaps parts thereof) and elsewhere is ungrammatical (loan being the noun, and lend the verb).
Example sentence: A banker who is allowed to borrow money at X and loan it out at X plus Y will just go crazy and do too much of it if the civilization doesn't have rules that prevent it.
Loanword
Part of speech: noun
Definition: A word directly taken into one language from another one with little or no translation.